ESTIMATION OF THE DEGRADATION OF SOILS
IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS AS A RESULT OF ANTROPOGENIC IMPACT 

Chekaev Nikolay Petrovich, Candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, head of sub-department of soil science, agrochemistry and chemistry, Penza State Agrarian University (30 Botanicheskaya street, Penza, Russia), 
E-mail: chekaev1975@mail.ru
Blinokhvatova Yuliya Vladimirovna, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of soil science, agrochemistry and chemistry, Penza State Agrarian University (30 Botanicheskaya street, Penza, Russia),
E-mail: julechka83@inbox.ru
Kuznetsov Aleksandr Yur'evich, Candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, sub-department of soil science, agrochemistry and chemistry, Penza State Agrarian University (30 Botanicheskaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: alex200278@yandex.ru
Vlasova Tat'yana Alekseevna, Candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, sub-department of soil science, agrochemistry and chemistry, Penza State Agrarian University (30 Botanicheskaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: julechka83@inbox.ru
Koryagina Natal'ya Viktorovna, Candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, sub-department of plant breeding, seed production and biology, Penza State Agrarian University (30 Botanicheskaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: liza.tania@mail.ru 

631.95 

DOI

10.21685/2307-9150-2018-4-6 

Background. The greatly increased human influence on the biosphere over the past decades has significantly accelerated the negative transformations of agricultural land. Serious environmental consequences caused the last organizational and economic transformation of agriculture. Anthropogenic changes in soil properties encompass almost all indicators of soil quality, ranging from stocks of accessory forms of nutrients to the morphogenetic structure of the soil profile, hydrological and geochemical regimes. The topical issues of agroecological land assessment and land use optimization include the study of the qualitative and quantitative patterns of anthropogenic soil disturbances and the analysis of successive changes in the basic soil regimes and processes caused by anthropogenic soil disturbances, with an assessment of the depth and speed of disturbances of the soil on their morphogenetic profile, the degree of reversibility and irreversibility of anthropogenic transformations.
Materials and methods. The article presents the results of studies of the properties of anthropogenically disturbed soils as a result of technical works at the Kuznetsky district of the Penza region conducted in 2011 at the Druzhba-2 oil pipeline.
Conclusions. Analysis of soil samples in disturbed areas revealed a decrease in the content of humus, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Such changes occurred due to mixing of the upper fertile humus horizon with the underlying clay-carbonate layers. In areas with a disturbed soil profile, during reclamation work, the laying technology of removed soil horizons was disturbed, as evidenced by the survey and agrochemical analysis of soil samples from these sites. Calculations of the terms for the restoration of anthropogenically disturbed soil in terms of humus reserves show that the hypothetical time required for the restoration of disturbed soils in the 0–50 cm layer in the studied land plots ranges from 35 to 65 years. 

Key words

soil degradation, humus, phosphorus, potassium, acidity 

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